Cosmic Rays - Revision history

Hgz: /* Cosmic ray showers */

2020-09-04T08:01:38Z

Cosmic ray showers

Hgz: /* Cosmic ray showers */

2020-09-04T07:59:58Z

Cosmic ray showers

KDort at 10:05, 10 April 2020

2020-04-10T10:05:26Z

KDort at 09:52, 10 April 2020

2020-04-10T09:52:37Z

KDort at 09:51, 10 April 2020

2020-04-10T09:51:45Z

KDort at 07:40, 5 April 2020

2020-04-05T07:40:52Z

KDort at 07:37, 5 April 2020

2020-04-05T07:37:07Z

KDort at 07:36, 5 April 2020

2020-04-05T07:36:49Z

KDort at 07:30, 5 April 2020

2020-04-05T07:30:08Z

KDort at 07:29, 5 April 2020

2020-04-05T07:29:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:01, 4 September 2020
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	The most prevalent particle species in the showers are electrons, photons, protons, neutrons, pions and muons. While the former four can be considered inherently stable on the timescales relevant for a cosmic shower formation, pions and muons have a finite life-time. Owing to [[relativistic effects]], the detection of muons on the surface of Earth is nonetheless possible. Measuring these secondary muons paves the way to reconstruct properties of the cosmics shower itself as well as the primary particle.		The most prevalent particle species in the showers are electrons, photons, protons, neutrons, pions and muons. While the former four can be considered inherently stable on the timescales relevant for a cosmic shower formation, pions and muons have a finite life-time. Owing to [[relativistic effects]], the detection of muons on the surface of Earth is nonetheless possible. Measuring these secondary muons paves the way to reconstruct properties of the cosmics shower itself as well as the primary particle.
−
−	~~[[File:Cosmic shower.png\|thumb\|left\|Schematic representation of a cosmic ray shower. The interaction of the primary proton with the atmosphere gives rise to secondary particles. ]]~~

	[[File:Showersim Geant4 10TeV.png\|thumb\|right\|Geant4 simulation of an atmospheric particle shower triggered by a 10 TeV proton.]]		[[File:Showersim Geant4 10TeV.png\|thumb\|right\|Geant4 simulation of an atmospheric particle shower triggered by a 10 TeV proton.]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:59, 4 September 2020
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	The most prevalent particle species in the showers are electrons, photons, protons, neutrons, pions and muons. While the former four can be considered inherently stable on the timescales relevant for a cosmic shower formation, pions and muons have a finite life-time. Owing to [[relativistic effects]], the detection of muons on the surface of Earth is nonetheless possible. Measuring these secondary muons paves the way to reconstruct properties of the cosmics shower itself as well as the primary particle.		The most prevalent particle species in the showers are electrons, photons, protons, neutrons, pions and muons. While the former four can be considered inherently stable on the timescales relevant for a cosmic shower formation, pions and muons have a finite life-time. Owing to [[relativistic effects]], the detection of muons on the surface of Earth is nonetheless possible. Measuring these secondary muons paves the way to reconstruct properties of the cosmics shower itself as well as the primary particle.
		+
		+	[[File:Cosmic shower.png\|thumb\|left\|Schematic representation of a cosmic ray shower. The interaction of the primary proton with the atmosphere gives rise to secondary particles. ]]
		+
		+	[[File:Showersim Geant4 10TeV.png\|thumb\|right\|Geant4 simulation of an atmospheric particle shower triggered by a 10 TeV proton.]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:05, 10 April 2020
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	[[File:Cosmic shower.png\|thumb\|left\|Schematic representation of a cosmic ray shower. The interaction of the primary proton with the atmosphere gives rise to secondary particles. ]]		[[File:Cosmic shower.png\|thumb\|left\|Schematic representation of a cosmic ray shower. The interaction of the primary proton with the atmosphere gives rise to secondary particles. ]]
		+
		+	The most prevalent particle species in the showers are electrons, photons, protons, neutrons, pions and muons. While the former four can be considered inherently stable on the timescales relevant for a cosmic shower formation, pions and muons have a finite life-time. Owing to [[relativistic effects]], the detection of muons on the surface of Earth is nonetheless possible. Measuring these secondary muons paves the way to reconstruct properties of the cosmics shower itself as well as the primary particle.

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
-[[File:PIA16938-RadiationSources-InterplanetarySpace.jpg|thumb|right|Cosmic rays produced in the sun are deflected by the Earth's magnetic field]]
+[[File:PIA16938-RadiationSources-InterplanetarySpace.jpg|thumb|left|Cosmic rays produced in the sun are deflected by the Earth's magnetic field]]
 As the energy of a primary cosmic particle hints at its origin, a classification in '''soft cosmic radiation''' with kinetic energies up to several hundred MeV and '''hard cosmic radiation''' is done. Soft cosmic radiation originates from the sun. The relatively low energy of these particles allows for a deflection due to the Earth's magnetic field. The deflected particles are steered towards the magnetic poles where they interact with the atmosphere which can be seen as polar lights.
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 The interaction of primary cosmic rays with an atmosphere yields a plethora of secondary particles. AS these secondary particles decay themselves, they give rise to tertiary particles decaying into even more particles. Ultimately, a primary cosmic ray triggers a multiplication process yielding a '''shower''' of particles. The extension of the shower heavily influenced by the energy and type of the primary particle.
-[[File:Cosmic shower.png|frameless|right|Schematic representation of a cosmic ray shower. The interaction of the primary proton with the atmosphere gives rise to secondary particles. ]]
+[[File:Cosmic shower.png|thumb|left|Schematic representation of a cosmic ray shower. The interaction of the primary proton with the atmosphere gives rise to secondary particles. ]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:51, 10 April 2020
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	== Cosmic ray showers ==		== Cosmic ray showers ==
		+	The interaction of primary cosmic rays with an atmosphere yields a plethora of secondary particles. AS these secondary particles decay themselves, they give rise to tertiary particles decaying into even more particles. Ultimately, a primary cosmic ray triggers a multiplication process yielding a '''shower''' of particles. The extension of the shower heavily influenced by the energy and type of the primary particle.
		+
		+	[[File:Cosmic shower.png\|frameless\|right\|Schematic representation of a cosmic ray shower. The interaction of the primary proton with the atmosphere gives rise to secondary particles. ]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:40, 5 April 2020
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	As the energy of a primary cosmic particle hints at its origin, a classification in '''soft cosmic radiation''' with kinetic energies up to several hundred MeV and '''hard cosmic radiation''' is done. Soft cosmic radiation originates from the sun. The relatively low energy of these particles allows for a deflection due to the Earth's magnetic field. The deflected particles are steered towards the magnetic poles where they interact with the atmosphere which can be seen as polar lights.		As the energy of a primary cosmic particle hints at its origin, a classification in '''soft cosmic radiation''' with kinetic energies up to several hundred MeV and '''hard cosmic radiation''' is done. Soft cosmic radiation originates from the sun. The relatively low energy of these particles allows for a deflection due to the Earth's magnetic field. The deflected particles are steered towards the magnetic poles where they interact with the atmosphere which can be seen as polar lights.
		+
		+
		+	== Cosmic ray showers ==

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 Primary cosmic consists of about 90% of protons, about 9% of helium nuclei and 1% of heavier nuclei. The precise composition depends on the considered energy range. The energy distribution of primary cosmic particles, as shown o the plot on the right, has a most probable value of about 300 MeV (3 x 10<sup>6</sup> eV) and drops sharply for increasing energies. However, cosmic rays with energies up to 3 x 10<sup>20</sup> eV (~ 50 J) have been observed.
-As the energy of a primary cosmic particle hints at its origin, a classification in '''soft cosmic radiation''' with kinetic energies up to several hundred MeV and '''hard cosmic radiation''' is done. Soft cosmic raditation originates from our sun
+As the energy of a primary cosmic particle hints at its origin, a classification in '''soft cosmic radiation''' with kinetic energies up to several hundred MeV and '''hard cosmic radiation''' is done. Soft cosmic radiation originates from the sun. The relatively low energy of these particles allows for a deflection due to the Earth's magnetic field. The deflected particles are steered towards the magnetic poles where they interact with the atmosphere which can be seen as polar lights.
-[[File:PIA16938-RadiationSources-InterplanetarySpace.jpg|thumb|right|Bla]]
+[[File:PIA16938-RadiationSources-InterplanetarySpace.jpg|thumb|right|Cosmic rays produced in the sun are deflected by the Earth's magnetic field]]

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 == Composition ==
 [[File:Energy spectrum primary cosmic rays.png|0.1px|thumb|right|Energy spectrum of primary cosmic radiation]]
 As the energy of a primary cosmic particle hints at its origin, a classification in '''soft cosmic radiation''' with kinetic energies up to several hundred MeV and '''hard cosmic radiation''' is done. Soft cosmic raditation originates from our sun
-[[File:PIA16938-RadiationSources-InterplanetarySpace.jpg|thumb|left|Bla]]
+[[File:PIA16938-RadiationSources-InterplanetarySpace.jpg|thumb|right|Bla]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:29, 5 April 2020
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	As the energy of a primary cosmic particle hints at its origin, a classification in '''soft cosmic radiation''' with kinetic energies up to several hundred MeV and '''hard cosmic radiation''' is done. Soft cosmic raditation originates from our sun		As the energy of a primary cosmic particle hints at its origin, a classification in '''soft cosmic radiation''' with kinetic energies up to several hundred MeV and '''hard cosmic radiation''' is done. Soft cosmic raditation originates from our sun

−	[[File:PIA16938-RadiationSources-InterplanetarySpace.jpg\|~~frame~~\|left\|Bla]]	+	[[File:PIA16938-RadiationSources-InterplanetarySpace.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Bla]]